Yesterday, September 3, was the anniversary of the death of EE Cummings (and please don’t tell me that it should be “ee cummings”), who is far and away my favorite poet, for reasons I will discuss shortly.

Today, September 4, is the birthday of another important author, albeit of a starkly different variety. His name is Richard Wright, and he is most well known for his great novel Native Son, which tells of a young black man in the 1930/40s who murders a white woman and the subsequent drama that takes place.

Besides being contemporaries, the two men seem to have little in common. One, a white, Taoist, unconventional poet who became increasingly right-wing and paranoid, eventually a strong supporter of Joseph McCarthy’s witch hunt against Communism; the other, a black, far-left (at one point Communist), realist who dealt with the realities of black life in America primarily through novels and essays. Though it might be interesting to do a comparative study of Cummings and Wright, that is not my intention today. I would merely like to briefly reflect on two ways of seeing the world (broadly-speaking) which these two men represent to me, two visions which are equally important to me though they often seem at odds with one another. What holds them together, ultimately, is that the thought of both men is disruptive. The works of both Cummings and Wright can and do function to question our narratives and force us to see the world differently, to face a world which is always-already present.
For anyone unfamiliar with EE Cummings poetry, I cannot recommend it highly enough. Cummings’ use of unconvention is expert. Below is one of my favorites, commonly known as “i thank You God.” (Cummings titled none of his poems, thus they are catalogued and known by their first lines primarily).
i thank You God for most this amazing
day:for the leaping greenly spirits of trees
and a blue true dream of sky; and for everything
which is natural which is infinite which is yes
(i who have died am alive again today,
and this is the sun’s birthday; this is the birth
day of life and of love and wings: and of the gay
great happening illimitably earth)
how should tasting touching hearing seeing
breathing any–lifted from the no
of all nothing–human merely being
doubt unimaginable You?
(now the ears of my ears awake and
now the eyes of my eyes are opened)
Cummings odd use of language, punctuation, and structure (seen more clearly in other poems), beautifully (and sometimes frustratingly) defamiliarizes our world, removing us from it for a brief moment, enabling us to experience it anew. The phrase “for most this amazing day” rests upon a simple switch in grammatical convention which is, linguistically, foreign to us but intuitively present. It may evoke a double-take, prodding us to look again at what we (thought) we read or understood. And it is undeniably playful. One might even say magical. And therein lies, for me, Cummings’ greatest contribution: his ability to imbue his art (and through it the world) with a sense of mystical playfulness, wonder, and newness. Cummings cuts through a sort of modernist alienation that sees our world as mechanical, industrial, to be used rather than experienced and enjoyed. Cummings disrupts complacency, boredom, and the calculated and cold narrative of Scientific Progress to make room for something Else, something mysterious and beautiful that cannot quite be named; he uses language to move us beyond language, which is a rare gift, indeed.
Richard Wright, on the other hand, is exacting with his language. The prose of Native Son is stark, uncompromising, and brutal. Native Son is a must-read for anyone who cares about American literature, Black experience in America, or the capital punishment system. It is not playful. It is not even, ultimately, likable. Wright’s protagonist, Bigger Thomas, is not sympathetic. There was no attempt to elicit sympathy from readers, lest Bigger become an exception. Bigger is, instead, a harsh look into the psychology of Black folks in America. James Baldwin (an equally powerful author and critic) once wrote that “no American Negro exists who does not have his private Bigger Thomas living in his skull.” This, too is unfamiliar to many (experientially, this is unfamiliar to all whites). Wright’s work, like Cummings’, shows us a different world than that which many perceive daily, but this world is much more frightening. Wright, too, wrote some poetry (though not much). But instead of using his language to move us beyond the mundanities of industrial capitalism, Wright uses it to train our eyes on something most of us would rather not look at – take “Between the World and Me,” for instance, which describes the experience of a man who stumbles upon the scene of a lynching in the woods. One part of the poem reads:
And upon the trampled grass were buttons, dead matches,
butt-ends of cigars and cigarettes, peanut shells, a
drained gin-flask, and a whore’s lipstick;
Scattered traces of tar, restless arrays of feathers, and the
lingering smell of gasoline.
And through the morning air the sun poured yellow
surprise into the eye sockets of the stony skull….
Do not tear your eyes away, says Wright. This is your country, this is your history, this is your sin. One might say that Wright demystifies the world, tears away its veneer of innocence and reveals the hanged (wo)man behind the curtain. This, if taken seriously, can radically alter the world in which one believes they reside. It can remove the comfort of our excuses. Bigger Thomas is always with us, but we have made Bigger to be what he is. You cannot tell someone they are a monster, that they are no good, worthless, unlovable for too long before they begin to believe it about themselves. This, too, is a narrative that must be not only disrupted, but shouted down at every opportunity.
It would be wrong of me to say that I find myself between Cummings and Wright; the truth is, I find myself inhabiting both spaces – that is to say, the playful mystery of Creation that Cummings makes visible, and the harsh truth of racism in America that Wright exposes. I have no desire to give up either. Rather, my desire is to live into each more fully, to bring them into conversation, but to never become too overwhelmed by one that I fail to see the other. Above all, I hope to live my life with others in such a way that my way of being in the world is itself a question, a challenge, a rupture. To live and struggle for others to live well. As Richard Wright also once wrote, “it is good to live when one feels that such as that will happen to one. Life becomes sufficient unto life; the rewards of living are found in living.”